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Tag Archives: Craters

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THE EASTERN TRIO

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 21, 2021 by Richard HillJanuary 21, 2021
This entry is part 39 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

The moon is just a thin crescent in the bright twilight sky as this trio of craters creep out from the lunar night. The large one on the right is Endymion (129km dia.) an ancient walled plain that was formed about 4 billion years ago (b.y.) . It’s accompanied by the younger Atlas (90km) below center with it’s contained system of Rimae Atlas a mere 3.2-3.8 b.y. old. It has a impressive ejecta blanket to the east and south where the material was piled up outside the crater wall. Atlas is followed by the shadow filled Hercules (71km) to the west, the youngest of the trio at 1.1-3.2 b.y. old. Above Atlas is a very young crater Keldysh (34km) and between them the totally ruined crater Atlas E. It’s obviously older than Atlas since the ejecta from the Atlas impact is splattered across the whole width of Atlas E. To the east (right) of Atlas is a large flat area. … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon, Uncategorized | Tagged Atlas, Craters, Endymion, Hercules, Moon | Leave a reply

A Platonic journey

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 13, 2021 by Richard HillJanuary 13, 2021
This entry is part 38 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

I always look forward to the appearance of the 104km diameter crater Plato and surrounding environs as they emerge from the lunar night. There is so much to see there I find imaging irresistible. Usually I don’t like to do this wide a field but there’s much to enjoy. Plato’s terraced walls exhibit ancient slumping and breaches by rimae. South of Plato are the sparkling Montes Teneriffe with 2400m high Mons Pico the large peak on the east (right) end. To the east of Plato is the great gash Valles Alpes with it’s central rille seen here (with a 6″ telescope) with another isolated mountain peak south of the entrance to the Vallis, Mons Piton (2250m) standing isolated on the plain of Mare Imbrium. In the lower right corner of this image is Cassini (60km) with it’s tight ejecta blanket surrounding and interior wrinkles and satellite craters. Above Plato is a large flat region that is Mare Frigoris, the longest … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon, Uncategorized | Tagged Craters, mare, Moon, mountains | Leave a reply

Pear-shaped craters

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 2, 2021 by Richard HillJanuary 2, 2021
This entry is part 37 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

North of Theophilus, in the lower left corner of this image, is Sinus Asperitatis running diagonally across this image, with the pear-shaped crater Torricelli in the middle. The crater is listed as 24km diameter which refers to the larger portion with extension adding a few more kilometers to the west. This odd shape is due to the merge of two impacts though the wall between the two is very low step. It sits on the northern edge of an unnamed ancient flooded crater some 90km across whose walls can be made out in this low angle sunset lighting. Near the bottom middle of this image is the shadow filled crater Isidorus (43km) that appears pear-shaped as well. Note how the mountains around Isidorus are soft looking, overlain by ejecta from the tremendous Theophilus impact. Compare them to the peaks north of Torricelli. You will see at the top edge of the image the crater Maskalyne (26km) and left *(west) of … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon | Tagged Craters | Leave a reply

Another dome home.

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on December 13, 2020 by Richard HillDecember 13, 2020
This entry is part 36 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

When the Moon is not quite 10 days old you can get a good look at a few of the more obvious domes in the Mare Nubium area south of Bullialdus. The first key is to locate Kies, the 46km diameter crater at the top of this image with the little tail pointing down. Notice the mild swelling just to the left of the crater. This is Dome Kies Pi or K1. It’s 10km in diameter with a little 2km craterlet at the summit, just barely visible here. Going further to the left there are two small clusters of mountains. Just above the farther one is another mild swelling, K3. A third dome is just off the end of the tail of Kies but I never have gotten a good image of it. It may be just to low a feature. Below Kies you see a graben-like rima, Rima Hesiodus that runs some 309 km from Hesiodus just south of … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon, Science, Uncategorized | Tagged Craters, domes, Moon, rimae | Leave a reply

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on November 15, 2020 by Richard HillNovember 15, 2020
This entry is part 35 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

Seven days into this particular lunation, we had a favorable libration just at the northern edge of the limb on this image. It allowed for a very good view of a couple craters not usually seen so well. The large dark area in the lower left is the north shore of Mare Crisium and Mare Angius the dark meandering patch on the right side of Crisium. Notice just above it is the large crater Cleomedes (129km dia.) and above that is the well defined Geminus (88km). Then at the top edge of the image is Messala (128km) with its nicely terraced walls. Moving towards the limb you see another fairly well defined crater, Berosus (77km) and to the lower right another similar sized crater with a curious dark stripe across it’s floor, Hahn (87km). It appears from Lunar Orbiter images and the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: 1:1 Million-Scale Maps of the Moon, that most of the northeast half of the … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon | Tagged Craters, limb, Moon | Leave a reply

South of Heraclitus

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on October 4, 2020 by Richard HillOctober 4, 2020
This entry is part 33 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

Early in every lunation you can see this region on the moon and though I have covered it before, I discovered some remarkable new things on this particular visit. First a little orientation. Notice the Mickey Mouse configuration in the upper left. The left ear is the crater Licetus (77km diameter) and the right is Cuvier (also 77km). Between them is the unusual north-south elongated feature, Heraclitus with an odd central ridge. This is the result of a merger of two or three craters. The large flat floored crater near the center of this image is, Manzinus (100km). Then the large crater on the right edge of this image with the central peak is Vlacq (92km). This should serve to give the outlines. When processing this image, a montage of two images, I thought I saw an artifact of the knitting process about midway up the terminator. It’s a little dotted horizontal line and above the left end the barest … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon | Tagged Craters, Moon | 1 Reply

North by Northwest

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on September 14, 2020 by Richard HillSeptember 14, 2020
This entry is part 32 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

A day or two short of the full moon, depending on the libration, on the northwest terminator of the moon you will find a remarkable crater that catches the eye. This is Pythagoras (133km dia.) with beautifully terraced walls and a central peak that casts great shadows across the western side of the crater and the west wall. The extreme near limb presentation of this magnificent crater gives us the opportunity to see just how shallow craters are. When on the terminator near the center of the moon, they look like deep wells but in this case the depth is only 4.8 km or 3.75% of the diameter! Shallow indeed! You can see this for yourself by making a 100mm diameter crater that is only 4mm deep. The large non-circular crater in front of Pythagoras is Babbage (148km) and to it’s left is Oenophiles (70km) and further on is the smaller Markov (43km). To the lower right of Pythagoras is … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon, Uncategorized | Tagged Craters, Moon | 1 Reply

North of Brahe

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on August 30, 2020 by Richard HillAugust 30, 2020
This entry is part 40 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

Center bottom we have the spectacular crater Tycho (diameter 88km) the center of the largest ray system on the Moon that completely wraps around the globe. This is two days after the terminator passed over this crater and already the sun is high enough to show the rays without washing out some of the topographic details. For orientation purposes, the large dark crater at the top is Pitatus. Just below that are two similar sized craters Gauricus (82km) on the right and Wurzelbauer (90km) and off to the right is a much smaller well defined crater with a fairly dark patchy floor, Hell (34km). To the left of Pitatus and you’ll see one of the better double walled craters on the Moon, Hesiodus A (15km) looking like a little bulls-eye target with the small central peak. The parent crater Hesiodus (44km) is above it with a small 5km central crater. Going back to Tycho we can see one of the … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon, Science, Uncategorized | Tagged Craters, Moon, rays | Leave a reply

On the South Shore

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on August 19, 2020 by Richard HillAugust 19, 2020
This entry is part 31 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

The whole rim of Mare Nectaris is populated with wonderful features. Here we have the south side with the big scarp Rupes Altai below and left of center stretching from the beautiful crater Piccolomini (90km dia) at bottom going all they way up past the large Catarina (104km) some 495km. You can just barely see another pressure ridge, concentric to Mare Nectaris, running from Catharina down south of the large “U” shaped crater above center, Fracastorius (128km). Unfortunately the nice east-west rima that bisects this crater is just beyond the resolution of this image. But there are many secondary craters on its floor and a splattering of them in the upper left covering Beaumont (54km) a little brother to Fracastorius. These secondaries are likely the ejecta from the Theophilus impact to the north which must have been a fantastic sight!

Continue reading →
Posted in Astronomy, Moon | Tagged Craters, Moon, rupes | Leave a reply

The Ends

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on August 11, 2020 by Richard HillAugust 11, 2020
This entry is part 30 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

Normally a more foreshortened feature, at this libration we get a good look into Endymion, the large 125km diameter crater just right of center. As lunar night approaches we see the wonderful shadows crawling across its floor. The two large craters below and to the left (west) are Atlas (90km) and the smaller, younger Hercules (71km) with the satellite crater Hercules G (13km) on its floor. Many observers think these two are much alike but actually they are remarkably different with a smooth flat floor in Hercules and rimae, and roughness on the floor of Atlas. Even the eject is very different in the two with Atlas having a thick ejecta blanket that even covers over a much older crate to the north. Above these two is the teardrop shaped crater Keldysh (34km). Below and to the right of Atlas is a ghost crater seen best at this sun angle, Chevallier (54km), with small satellite crater Chevallier B (13km) contained … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon | Tagged Craters, maria | Leave a reply

Little Brother

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on August 4, 2020 by Richard HillAugust 4, 2020
This entry is part 29 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

Outshone by his big brother Copernicus, seen here in the lower left, the sizeable crater, Eratosthenes (diameter 60km) is nevertheless a very interesting crater with nicely terraced walls, a good central peak cluster and a tight herringbone ejecta blanket surrounding the crater. Seen here Eratosthenes forms a southern anchor to the Montes Apenninus. Between Eratosthenes and Copernicus is an eye catching string of secondary craters from the Copernicus impact event. It takes at least a 3″ telescope to make them out clearly and the right lighting. At the south end of this string is a large ghost crater, Stadius (70km) which stands between Sinus Aestuum to the east (southeast of Eratosthenes) and Mare Insularum below Copernicus to the southwest. On the opposite side of Eratosthenes from Stadius is another ghost crater sitting out in Mare Imbrium. This is Wallace (27km) with a more complete rim on the west side than the east. Notice the twin satellite craters below it Eratosthenes … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon, Uncategorized | Tagged Craters, Moon | Leave a reply

No safe distancing!

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on July 19, 2020 by Richard HillJuly 19, 2020
This entry is part 27 of 39 in the series Lunarcy

This is a crowded highland region on the moon east of Tycho and Clavius. The large crater on the terminator with the great dramatic shadows on is floor is Maginus (168km diameter) with its tiny offset central peaks. Below center is a crater with a pronounced central peak, Lilus (63km) and to the lower right of it is Jacobi (70km) with a bunch of secondary craters on its floor. In the upper right corner of this image is half of the large crater Maurolycus (117km). Notice the crater to the left, Faraday (71km). On the lower left crater wall is a particularly polygonal crater Faraday C (30km) with a curious floor infilled with ejecta from another nearby impact. The concentric depression on the left (west) side of this crater consists of at least 3 merged craters again overlain by ejecta looking like thumbprints in the lunar surface. Moving south from Maurolycus is the crater Barocius (85km) with a curious upper … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Moon, Uncategorized | Tagged Craters, Moon | 1 Reply

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Recent Posts

From The Backyard: Covid-19 Vaccines, Cultural Trauma, and the Orion Nebula

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 25, 2021 by Fr. James KurzynskiJanuary 25, 2021

It’s been a long, long time since I offered a “From the backyard” reflection. Part of the reason for this delay is the occupational hazard of all astro-buffs: Clouds! I can’t speak for other parts of the United States, but the cloud cover over Wisconsin has been epic. Clouds at … Continue reading…

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Specola Guestbook | September 25, 1983: Leo O’Donovan SJ

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 24, 2021 by Robert MackeJanuary 24, 2021
This entry is part 78 of 78 in the series Specola Guestbook

Since its founding in 1891, many people have passed through the doors of the Vatican Observatory.  A quick perusal of our guestbook reveals several Names, including Popes, Nobel laureates, astronauts, actors, and saints. Once again, we break the chronological sequence to highlight a name relevant to events of this past … Continue reading…

Posted in History, Popular Culture | Tagged Georgetown, Inauguration, O'Donovan, Specola Guestbook, Vatican Observatory, Weston | Leave a reply

Faith, Science and Astronomy Textbooks

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 23, 2021 by Christopher M. GraneyJanuary 19, 2021

Take a look at a new resource on the Vatican Observatory Faith and Science website!—brief reviews of astronomy textbooks from a “Faith and Science” perspective.  You will find all this under “Educational Resources”. The idea for these reviews arose from questions that Vatican Observatory/V.O. Foundation folks have received over time, … Continue reading…

Posted in Education | 1 Reply

Go Observe Plato

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 22, 2021 by Deirdre KelleghanJanuary 22, 2021

  Plato – Walled Plain by Deirdre Kelleghan February 25th 2007 – 20:45UT – 21:45UT 200mm/F6/6.3mm – Plossel/193X – 8.19days – 300gm Daler Rowney paper/DR soft pastels/Black watercolour pencil/wooden cocktail stick.   This blog was first published in January 2018. If you read this today January 22nd 2021 you should … Continue reading…

Posted in Astronomy, Education, Moon, Outreach | Tagged Astronomical Drawing, Moon drawing, Plato, Sketching | Leave a reply

ⓜ Full Moon-th Meetup: 28 January, 2021

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 21, 2021 by Br. Guy ConsolmagnoJanuary 19, 2021

Featuring Dr. Michelle Francl, and the latest news of the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope! Just for our paying members: on the next Full Moon, January 28, a week from when we are posting this, we’ll be holding our regular on-line meetup where we get to know and chat with each … Continue reading…

Posted in Announcement | Tagged Full Moon Zoom | Leave a reply

ⓜ Curiosity and the Exploration of Mars, II

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 21, 2021 by Br. Guy ConsolmagnoJanuary 16, 2021
This entry is part of 55 in the series And Then I Wrote

And then I wrote… this is the second half of the article I started last week, originally published in Italian in Civiltà Cattolica; this is the original English text. While much has developed since this article was written — see the links inserted here — I think the questions I raised then … Continue reading…

Posted in And Then I Wrote, Space Exploration | Tagged Mars, NASA Solar System Exploration | Leave a reply
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Recent Comments

  • Joel Hopko January 24, 2021 at 12:24 pm on Faith, Science and Astronomy TextbooksProfessor Graney -- Call me easily placated, but I was actually somewhat relieved that most of the texts reviewed at least attempted to provide some nuance to the Galileo narrative. Certainly an improvement over the "martyr for science" trope so frequently dispensed over popular media. Obviously much work remains, but...
  • Fr. James Kurzynski January 20, 2021 at 6:48 am on Space Missions In 2021: What Are You Most Excited To See In This New Year?Thanks Janine! I love your reflection on the Al Amal mission! I was so impressed with the video they produced and, yes, I can't wait to see the United Arab Emirates contribution to science! It's something that isn't mentioned much, but should be mentioned more: True science, by its very...
  • Janine Samz January 19, 2021 at 9:37 am on Space Missions In 2021: What Are You Most Excited To See In This New Year?Thank you, Father. Let's see. I am drawn to three! The Emirates one is interesting because of the extent of what they are looking for and from history I know the Arab culture used to be a leader in science. It would be interesting to see them at work again...
  • Christopher M. Graney January 19, 2021 at 8:59 am on “Cosmos: Possible Worlds”, 10-13: Goodbye to a Losing SeasonMy experience with students and the general public is that a reasonable number of people will be amazed by the real universe. For example, people who saw the conjunction on the 21st were generally amazed. But certainly Cosmos seems to think that stuff has to be over the top.
  • Stan Sienkiewicz January 16, 2021 at 9:17 am on “Cosmos: Possible Worlds”, 10-13: Goodbye to a Losing SeasonIt is a shame that the producers of the show are not amazed by the real world and need to enhance reality with special effects. I feel you are discussing a topic that is coming up quite often about our culture: the lack of astonishment. I recently had taken a...
  • Fernando Comeron January 15, 2021 at 5:22 am on JWST update – Hexagons in SpaceIncidentally, you can see that we at the European Southern Observatory (ESO, of which Ireland is a member too) did something that bears some resemblance several years ago. We invited visitors to our headquarters near Munich on the open doors day in 2011 to put hexagons together to reproduce a...
  • Fernando Comeron January 15, 2021 at 5:07 am on JWST update – Hexagons in SpaceNice article, Deirdre -and actually hexagons in space are very common, although very tiny. Carbon hexagonal cycles are at the basis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a class of molecules that compose the cold interstellar medium. So hexagons are pretty much everywhere in the Universe!
  • Bob Trembley January 14, 2021 at 2:01 am on In the Sky This Week – January 12, 2021Thanks for keeping me honest! :) I corrected it to say "Mercury appears slightly higher above the horizon each evening." When you advance days in Stellarium at dusk, you see Jupiter and Saturn get lower each day, and Mercury getting higher. Venus gets a bit lower each morning in the...
  • Joseph O'Donnell January 12, 2021 at 10:03 am on In the Sky This Week – January 12, 2021"Mercury appears slightly higher above the horizon each morning" I believe you mean Venus or am I missing something?
  • Christopher M. Graney January 4, 2021 at 10:50 am on Carols versus Matthew on the Star of WonderVery interesting -- I had never read the "Gospel of James", or "Protoevangelium of James", until now. Below is its whole section about the star, for those not familiar with it. Remarkably, the same problem is found in it. It follows Matthew in talking about the magi. No one knows...
  • Christopher M. Graney January 4, 2021 at 10:43 am on Carols versus Matthew on the Star of WonderI should have been more clear. When I said "This sounds just like the Great Conjunction of 2020", I meant it sounds like that *kind* of thing -- something no one who was not an astronomer would have noticed it just by chance.
  • Alfred Kracher January 2, 2021 at 10:47 am on Carols versus Matthew on the Star of WonderEmbellishments of Matthew’s simple “star” into a spectacular miracle are all but irrresistible. Already in the apocryphal 2nd century Gospel of James it shines with an “incredible brilliance amidst the constellations and making them seem dim.” And over the centuries artists of all kinds have further expanded on these exaggerations,...
  • Fr. Timothy Sauppé January 2, 2021 at 5:30 am on Carols versus Matthew on the Star of WonderI thought the biggest objection to the Jupiter/Saturn conjunction being the “Star of Bethlehem” was the 800 year cycle of its occurrence viz. the timing is off. Also, I am reminded of a comment of an amateur astronomer when he went to Chile, up in the Andes. He said there...
  • Stan Sienkiewicz December 26, 2020 at 1:07 pm on The Sun Illuminates Fort AncientYes, while not quite following the astronomy it still is fascinating to see what these early N American people did to their environment. As to why they did it and your article disagreeing with the solstice explanation reminded me of the book, Motel of the Mysteries. It is a funny...
  • Joel Hopko December 24, 2020 at 1:09 pm on Bah! Humbug. Science.And a very Merry Christmas to you Professor. May your spirit and inquiring mind continue to brighten our New Year! Joel Hopko
  • Fr. Timothy Sauppé December 21, 2020 at 6:04 pm on Was Jesus Born on December 25? The Fight Between Inculturation and Radical Certitude.Just saw this Socrates In The City from 2005 with Eric Metaxas interviewing Colin Nicholl. His book and thesis is that the Star of Bethlehem was one big comet. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mT-8O8S_Fw&t=1s
  • Bob Prokop December 21, 2020 at 12:08 pm on Was Jesus Born on December 25? The Fight Between Inculturation and Radical Certitude.It's interesting that Tolkien chose March 25th as the date the One Ring was cast into the fires of Mount Doom (see the appendixes to The Return of the King for the date). It can't be a coincidence that the destruction of evil in Middle Earth coincides with the Annunciation...
  • Fr. Timothy Sauppé December 21, 2020 at 10:35 am on Was Jesus Born on December 25? The Fight Between Inculturation and Radical Certitude.Here is an interesting take by Liberato De Caro, Ph.D., of the Institute of Crystallography of the National Research Council in Bari, Italy, who led the research, proposes that the date of Jesus’ birth. He posits 1 BC for Jesus’ Birth. For your consideration. https://www.ncregister.com/blog/liberato-de-caro-nativity?utm_campaign=NCR%202019&utm_medium=email&_hsmi=102396683&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9xKkcgGuiy7rFyWiX8fgbgA63Wabi_9C-VcU6QmESl4QYoKUDYHXm6DrY_jGwbVptu0roDhgBz363uEIX8dd6P7oOaBQ&utm_content=102396683&utm_source=hs_email
  • Bob Prokop December 18, 2020 at 7:52 am on Pursuing the ConjunctionLooks like we're going to be clouded out here in Maryland. But I did get a good look at the two planets last night (Thursday). They were already practically on top of each other! So it has not been a total loss. By the way, your December 14th drawing is...
  • Fr. James Kurzynski December 14, 2020 at 6:42 am on Follow the Money, the Science, or the Theology? A Second Reflection on the Forthcoming Artemis Moon Mission.Thanks Ed! I so appreciate your thoughts! As a fellow "Star Trek" fan, I can appreciate you insight! :)

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