In the Sky This Week – September 17, 2019
I never got a chance to observe the planet Uranus this last weekend; I was busy non-stop during the Astronomy at the Beach event with my Virtual Reality (VR) gear showing dozens of attendees a VR fly-over of Saturn in OVERVIEW (A Walk Through The Universe); I had a line both evenings. Everyone has been completely blown away by it - from kids to fellow astronomers! Attendees also got to see Saturn through telescopes on the observing field - which was a wonderful bit of synchronicity.
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- Girl using my VR gear at Astronomy at the Beach 2019. Credit: Bob Trembley
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- Boy using my VR gear at Astronomy at the Beach 2019. Credit: Bob Trembley
Now, MORE THAN EVER, I want to get a dozen Windows 10 workstations and VR headsets, so I can show VR educational apps at schools, planetariums, libraries, SF conventions and whatnot! VR is a great way for the public experience the wonders of astronomy - I've actually had a couple people GASP as I removed the headset and they had to "come back to reality."
Broken record again... Saturn, Jupiter and the star Antares are still in the south-southwestern sky all week after sunset...I added the names of two other bright stars, which I'm going to try to see in the sky and remember their names this week.
Saturn, Jupiter and the stars Antares, Nunki and Kaus Australis in the southern sky at 9:00 PM this week. Credit: Stellarium / Bob Trembley.
By midnight, Saturn is low in the southwestern sky, and star Fomalhaut is in the southern sky. Fomalhaut has a planet orbiting it, Dagon, which I discuss in the Exoplanet section below.
The star Fomalhaut and Saturn in the south-southwestern sky at midnight this week. Credit: Stellarium / Bob Trembley
The Moon will be in the southern predawn sky with the constellations Orion and Taurus for several days this week.
The Moon will be near the constellations Taurus and Orion in the southern predawn sky on Sept. 17th. Credit: Stellarium / Bob Trembley
The Moon will be close to the star Aldebaran on September 20th.
The Moon near the star Aldebaran high in the southern predawn sky on Sept. 20, 2019. Credit: Stellarium / Bob Trembley
By September 23rd, the Moon will be high in the southern sky, close to the star Pollux.
The Moon somewhat near the star Pollux high in the southern predawn sky on Sept. 23, 2019. Credit: Stellarium / Bob Trembley
The full Moon is all alone in the southern sky at midnight on September 14th.
The full Moon in the southern sky at midnight on Sep. 14, 2019. Credit: Stellarium / Bob Trembley.
NGC 7293 - The Helix Nebula
This composite image is a view of the colorful Helix Nebula taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys aboard NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and the Mosaic II Camera on the 4-meter telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. The object is so large that both telescopes were needed to capture a complete view. The Helix is a planetary nebula, the glowing gaseous envelope expelled by a dying, sun-like star. The Helix resembles a simple doughnut as seen from Earth. But looks can be deceiving. New evidence suggests that the Helix consists of two gaseous disks nearly perpendicular to each other. Credit: NASA, ESA, C.R. O'Dell (Vanderbilt University), and M. Meixner, P. McCullough, and G. Bacon ( Space Telescope Science Institute)
The Helix Nebula, also known as NGC 7293, is a planetary nebula located in the constellation Aquarius. Discovered by Karl Ludwig Harding, probably before 1824, this object is one of the closest to the Earth of all the bright planetary nebulae. The distance, measured by the Gaia mission, is 655±13 light-years. It is similar in appearance to the Cat's Eye Nebula and the Ring Nebula, whose size, age, and physical characteristics are similar to the Dumbbell Nebula, varying only in its relative proximity and the appearance from the equatorial viewing angle. The Helix Nebula has sometimes been referred to as the "Eye of God" in pop culture, as well as the "Eye of Sauron".
The Helix Nebula is an example of a planetary nebula, formed by an intermediate to low-mass star, which sheds its outer layers near the end of its evolution. Gases from the star in the surrounding space appear, from our vantage point, as if we are looking down a helix structure. The remnant central stellar core, known as a planetary nebula nucleus or PNN, is destined to become a white dwarf star. The observed glow of the central star is so energetic that it causes the previously expelled gases to brightly fluoresce.
The nebula is in the constellation of Aquarius, and lies about 650 light-years away, spanning about 0.8 parsecs (2.5 light-years). Its age is estimated to be ~10,600 years, based on its measured expansion rate of 31 km/s.- Paraphrased from Wikipedia
Here's the location of the Helix Nebula in the southern sky; use the star Fomalhaut as a guide:
Location of NGC 7293 - the Helix Nebula Credit: Stellarium / Bob Trembley
Here's a close-up of the location of NGC 7293 showing a couple bright stars to use as guides.
Close-up of the location of NGC 7293 - the Helix Nebula Credit: Stellarium / Bob Trembley
Here's an image of the Helix Nebula seen in multiple frequencies from multiple space telescopes:
Multifrequency composite image of the Helix nebula: infrared from the Spitzer space telescope - central nebula is rendered in green (wavelengths of 3.6 to 4.5 microns) and red (8 to 24 microns), with WISE data covering the outer areas in green (3.4 to 4.5 microns) and red (12 to 22 microns). Ultraviolet data from GALEX appears as blue (0.15 to 2.3 microns). Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
The Moon is a waning gibbous, rising after sunset, visible high in the sky after midnight, and visible to the southwest after sunrise.
The third-quarter Moon occurs on September 22nd, rising around midnight, and visible to the south after sunrise.
After September 22nd, the Moon will be a waning crescent, visible low to the east before sunrise - my favorite in the morning with coffee!
The Moon from Sep. 17- 23, 2019. Visualizations by Ernie Wright / NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
Moon News - India's Vikram Lander to be Imaged by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
#Chandrayan2: The LRO had succeeded in collecting data during Vikram lander's descent.#NASA #VikramLander #Chandrayan2landing #ISROMission @isro
Stay tuned @Oneindia for Updates: https://t.co/9zGSnSO90F
— OneIndia (@Oneindia) September 17, 2019
#VikramLander has been located by the orbiter of #Chandrayaan2, but no communication with it yet.
All possible efforts are being made to establish communication with lander.#ISRO— ISRO (@isro) September 10, 2019
The Sun has been spot-free for 14 days; large coronal holes remain open at both poles.
Sun in 193 angstroms (extreme ultraviolet) Sept. 17, 2019. Image courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
[Link to 48-hour video of the Sun in 193 angstroms]
Light prominence activity for the last couple days - but enough for some astrophotos!
Sun in 304 angstroms (extreme ultraviolet) Sept. 17, 2019. Image courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
[Link to 48-hour video of the Sun in 304 angstroms]
The solar wind speed is 360.4 km/sec (↓), with a density of 2.5 protons/cm3 (↑) at 1500 UT.
Animated LASCO C2 Coronograph showing the solar corona above the Sun's limb (the white circle). Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
You can create your own time-lapse movies of the Sun here: AIA/HMI Browse Data.
You can browse all the SDO images of the Sun from 2010 to the present here: Browse SDO archive.
Sun News
Media accreditation is open to attend the launch of our Ionospheric Connection Explorer on Oct. 9! 🛫🚀 The deadline to apply is 4:30 p.m. EDT on Friday, Sept. 20. Details: https://t.co/IeBdaJGQox #NASAICON pic.twitter.com/QTt94PYjIK
— NASA Sun & Space (@NASASun) September 16, 2019
Charged particles in Earth’s atmosphere – which make up the ionosphere – create bands of color above Earth’s surface, known as airglow. ICON, depicted in this artist’s concept, will study the ionosphere from a height of about 350 miles to understand how the combined effects of terrestrial weather and space weather influence this ionized layer of particles. Credit: NASA Goddard's Conceptual Image Lab/B. Monroe
Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
| Asteroid |
Date(UT)
|
Miss Distance
|
Velocity (km/s)
|
Diameter (m)
|
| 2019 RP2 |
2019-Sep-20
|
8.5 LD
|
1.6
|
6
|
| 2017 SL16 |
2019-Sep-21
|
7.9 LD
|
6.5
|
25
|
| 2017 SM21 |
2019-Sep-21
|
11.5 LD
|
9.6
|
20
|
| 2019 RE2 |
2019-Sep-21
|
19.7 LD
|
8.7
|
38
|
| 2019 RB3 |
2019-Sep-21
|
19 LD
|
11.8
|
51
|
| 2019 QZ1 |
2019-Sep-22
|
12.5 LD
|
8.2
|
77
|
| 523934 |
2019-Sep-24
|
10.9 LD
|
22.3
|
257
|
| 2019 QY3 |
2019-Sep-26
|
13.9 LD
|
8.4
|
41
|
| 2017 KP27 |
2019-Sep-26
|
4.2 LD
|
4.7
|
25
|
| 2006 QV89 |
2019-Sep-27
|
18.1 LD
|
4.1
|
31
|
| 2018 FK5 |
2019-Oct-01
|
13.3 LD
|
10.5
|
8
|
| 2018 LG4 |
2019-Oct-02
|
13.8 LD
|
8.1
|
12
|
| 2017 TJ4 |
2019-Oct-05
|
13.5 LD
|
8.9
|
32
|
| 2019 RK |
2019-Oct-08
|
16.7 LD
|
3.1
|
32
|
| 162082 |
2019-Oct-25
|
16.2 LD
|
11.2
|
589
|
| 2017 TG5 |
2019-Oct-25
|
14.4 LD
|
11.9
|
34
|
| 2015 JD1 |
2019-Nov-03
|
12.9 LD
|
11.9
|
269
|
| 2010 JG |
2019-Nov-12
|
19.6 LD
|
14.9
|
235
|
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. Red highlighted entries are asteroids that either pass very close, or very large with high relative velocities to the Earth. Table from SpaceWeather.com
Near-Earth objects (NEOs) discovered this month: 71 (-27?), this year: 1941 (-567?), all time: 20858 (+22)
Potentially hazardous asteroids: 2015 (last updated Sep. 10, 2019)
Minor Planets discovered: 796,930 (+29)
On Sep/ 9, 2019, the NASA All Sky Fireball Network reported 24 fireballs.
(23 sporadics, 1 Sept. epsilon Perseid)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). From: Spaceweather.com
Fireball News
A very bright daytime fireball wa spotted over the North Sea on September 12, 2019 around around 12:50 UT, originating almost 500 reports. This is possibly the most unusual one, by Kitte Buddy Youtube channel [full story and full video: https://t.co/dITwujDkN6] pic.twitter.com/1qHjSKRYuV
— Massimo (@Rainmaker1973) September 13, 2019
Very bright daytime meteor fireball exploded over Mauritius and Reunion Island on September 14, 2017 https://t.co/P39Ryl9Bch pic.twitter.com/WQQfhCzDVR
— Massimo (@Rainmaker1973) September 18, 2017
Spectrum of Interstellar Comet C/2019 Q4 Obtained
The Gran Telescopio Canarias obtains visible spectrum of C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) https://t.co/nNhXkFCFKx
— Maik Meyer (@skymorph) September 14, 2019
Visible spectrum of interstellar comet C/2019 Q4 obtained with the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (La Palma,Spain). We show the template spectrum of the D-type class as defined in the DeMeo et al. (2009) taxonomy. An example of the acquisition images is also included in the plot. Credit: Julia de Le ́on, Javier Licandro, Miquel Serra-Ricart, Antonio Cabrera-Lavers, Joan Font Serra, Riccardo Scarpa, Carlos de la Fuente Marcos and Ra ́ul de la Fuente Marcos
Position of the planets and a couple bodies in the inner solar system:
Position of the planets and some spacecraft in the inner solar system, Sep. 17, 2019. Credit: NASA Eyes on the Solar System / Bob Trembley.
Position of the planets and a couple bodies in the middle solar system:
Position of the planets in the middle solar system, Sep. 17, 2019. Credit: NASA Eyes on the Solar System / Bob Trembley.
Position of the planets and a couple bodies in the outer solar system:
Position of the planets in the outer solar system, Sep. 17, 2019 - the orbit of dwarf planet Haumea is highlighted. Credit: NASA Eyes on the Solar System / Bob Trembley.
Alternate view of the orbit of dwarf planet Haumea, showing its inclination to the plane of the ecliptic:
Orbit of dwarf planet Haumea, Sep. 17, 2019. Credit: NASA Eyes on the Solar System / Bob Trembley.
I zoomed-in to Haumea and saw that it has two moons - I'm pretty sure I was unaware of that! I also saw that Haumea has rings - which I did know about. I wasn't impressed with how NASA's Eyes depicted Haumea and its moons, so I used SpaceEngine to create the following pics:
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- Artist impression of dwarf planet Haumea (1,920 × 1,540 × 990 km) seen from above – with rings (ring radius ~2,287 km, width ~70 km) . Credit: SpaceEngine / Bob Trembley
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- Artist impression from the surface of Haumea looking towards the Sun – the rings are faintly visible. Credit: SpaceEngine / Bob Trembley
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- Artist impression looking at Haumea from above its moon Hi’iaka (dia. ~310km). Credit: SpaceEngine / Bob Trembley
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- Artist impression looking at Haumea from above its moon Namaka (dia. ~170 km). Credit: SpaceEngine / Bob Trembley
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- Artist impression of dwarf planet Haumea seen from the surface of its moon Namaka, Credit: SpaceEngine / Bob Trembley
NASA's Interactive Real-Time Web-based Orrery:
Solar System News
Analyses of that Jupiter impact last August suggest the planet was whacked by a Really Big Rock - 450 tons! https://t.co/B6MBJX4Rq1
— Dr Heidi B. Hammel (@hbhammel) September 16, 2019
OSIRIS-REx Asteroid Sample Return Mission
The rocks on Bennu are like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.
Image details: https://t.co/y0FQZyk1vF pic.twitter.com/A9Z0UutGUA
— NASA's OSIRIS-REx (@OSIRISREx) September 17, 2019
NASA Juno Mission
Take a break and let @nasajuno take you on a journey around giant Jupiter... just 5,000 km away from the clouds.
Gerald Eichstädt and Seán Doran created this video using data from the spacecraft's JunoCam imager. pic.twitter.com/M2SRmGCNCn— Universal Curiosity (@UniverCurious) September 13, 2019
Cassini Mission - Shamelessly Plugged by Kerbal Space Program!
Thanks for all Cassini! ✨🛰✨ https://t.co/4Lxvhycg5P
— Kerbal Space Program (@KerbalSpaceP) September 15, 2019
Climate
Reporters: Need data visualizations and b-roll for your climate storytelling needs? We’ve launched a media resources page to support you. https://t.co/PclHhojq0E
— NASA Climate (@NASAClimate) September 16, 2019
Yesterday the movement #FridaysForFuture received the @amnesty International’s Ambassador of Conscience Award. We are so incredibly honoured by this!
Activism works. So act! See you on the streets 20-27th of September. #ClimateStrike #schoolstrike4climate pic.twitter.com/mdspKFCnHp— Greta Thunberg (@GretaThunberg) September 17, 2019
Data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive
Exoplanet Artwork by Bob Trembley
Fomalhaut b, formally named Dagon, is a is a confirmed, directly imaged extrasolar object and candidate planet orbiting the A-type main-sequence star Fomalhaut, approximately 25 light-years away in the constellation of Piscis Austrinus. The object was initially announced in 2008 and confirmed as real in 2012 from images taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope and, according to calculations reported in January 2013, has a 1,700-year, highly elliptical orbit. It has a periastron of 7.4 billion km (~50 AU) and an apastron of about 44 billion km (~300 AU). As of May 25, 2013 it is 110 AU from its parent star. - Wikipedia
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- Artist impression of exoplanet Fomalhaut b, a frigid superjupiter. Credit: SpaceEngine / Bob Trembley
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- Orbit of Exoplanet Fomalhaut b. Credit: SpaceEngine / Bob Trembley
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- Artist impression of exoplanet Fomalhaut b at periapsis. Credit: SpaceEngine / Bob Trembley
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- Artist impression of exoplanet Fomalhaut b at apoapsis. Credit: SpaceEngine / Bob Trembley
NASA's SOFIA to Conduct its First Scientific Research Flight Over Europe
✈️ 🔭Tomorrow at 04:14 CEST... @SOFIAtelescope is expected to land in #Stuttgart ✈️🔭– and will conduct its first scientific research flight over Europe on 18 and 19 September! More info on what #SOFIA will be doing here: https://t.co/z55M79jWBY pic.twitter.com/F378tc4LxO
— DLR - English (@DLR_en) September 15, 2019
Become A Volunteer NASA/JPL Solar System Ambassador - Application Period Still Open!
Want to do outreach and provide education and awareness in your community on all things NASA? Applications open now. And ask if you have questions, this program has been an amazing experience for me. https://t.co/PTegB2R56m
— Angela Gibson (@AgilistaAG) September 2, 2019
Apps used for this post:
NASA Eyes on the Solar System: an immersive 3D solar system and space mission simulator - free for the PC /MAC. I maintain the unofficial NASA Eyes Facebook page.
Stellarium: a free open source planetarium app for PC/MAC/Linux. It's a great tool for planning observing sessions. A web-based version of Stellarium is also available.
Universe Sandbox: a space simulator that merges real-time gravity, climate, collision, and material interactions to reveal the beauty of our universe and the fragility of our planet. Includes VR support.
SpaceEngine: a free 3D Universe Simulator for Windows. Steam version with VR support available.
Section header image credits:
The Sky - Stellarium/ Bob Trembley
Observing Target - Turn Left at Orion / M. Skirvin
The Moon - NASA/JPL-Caltech
The Sun - NASA/JPL-Caltech
Asteroids - NASA/JPL-Caltech
Fireballs - Credited to YouTube
Comets - Comet P/Halley, March 8, 1986, W. Liller
The Solar System - NASA Eyes on the Solar System / Bob Trembley
Spacecraft News - NASA Eyes on the Solar System / Bob Trembley
Exoplanets - Space Engine / Bob Trembley
The Universe - Universe Today
The 50th Anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon was July 20, 2019.