In the Sky This Week – February 23, 2021
Millions of people around the planet have seen NASA's Perseverance Rover descent and touchdown video - I've watched it over and over! I tweeted that this landing made me feel like a kid during the Apollo era again!
Cameras were not part of the rover's initial design - and were allowed to be added with the ideas that "they won't do any harm to the rover, and IF they work, great... you get what you get." Well what NASA got was a video seen across the globe, and a HUGE positive media boost - not to mention the invaluable engineering data these cameras have provided.
Can I just put out there that cameras should be default part of EVERY NASA mission from now on? Look at the Juno mission to Jupiter - the insanely popular citizen-scientist processed images and videos from Juno were obtained from a camera that was not originally part of the mission's specs, but were added as a public outreach tool.
Fly-Around of Jupiter by NASA's Juno Spacecraft.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS/JunoCam pic.twitter.com/VFa8awoxzG
— Universal Curiosity (@UniverCurious) February 22, 2021
The Moon appears near the star Pollux in the constellation Gemini, high above the east-southeastern horizon after sunset on Feb. 23rd.
The Moon appears near the star Pollux high above the east-southeastern horizon after sunset on Feb. 23rd. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.
Moving eastward each day, the Moon appears near the star Regulus in the constellation Leo, above the east-southeastern horizon after sunset on Feb. 25th and 26th.
The Moon appears near the star Regulus above the east-southeastern horizon after sunset on Feb. 25th and 26th. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.
The Moon appears in a temporary asterism with the stars Arcturus and Spica in the east-southeastern sky at midnight on Mar. 1st.
The Moon appears in east-southeastern sky with the stars Arcturus and Spica at midnight on Mar. 1st. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.
Mars and Uranus appear in the southwestern sky after sunset - Mars appears a bit closer to the Pleiades star cluster each evening.
Mars and Uranus appear in the southwestern sky after sunset. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.
Mercury and Saturn continue to appear low above the east-southeastern horizon before dawn this week; Jupiter joins the pair of planets close to sunrise - so it may be a bit difficult to see..
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- Mercury and Saturn appear low above the east-southeastern horizon before sunrise this week. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.
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- Jupiter joins Mercury and Saturn low above the east-southeastern horizon at sunrise this week. Credit: Bob Trembley / Stellarium.
The Moon is a waxing gibbous - visible to the southeast in early evening, and up for most of the night.
The full Moon occurs on Feb. 27th - rising at sunset, visible high in the sky around midnight, and visible all night.
After Feb. 27th, the Moon will be a waning gibbous - rising after sunset, visible high in the sky after midnight, and visible to the southwest after sunrise.
The Moon from 2021-02-23 - 2021-03-01. Visualizations by Ernie Wright / NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio.
If you click on the Moon image above, or click this link, you will go to NASA's Moon Phase and Libration, 2021 page - it will show you what the Moon looks like right now. If you click the image on that page, you will download a high-rez TIFF image annotated with the names of prominent features - helpful for logging your lunar observations!
Moon News:
Like Mars, robotic visitors have explored the Moon, and more are set to rove, including @NASA's VIPER mission to the Moon's South Pole: https://t.co/GAHNtGCM9k pic.twitter.com/sxBMavnhsZ
— NASA Moon (@NASAMoon) February 18, 2021
The Sun has two new sunspots: AR2804 and AR2805 are growing rapidly and blowing off B-class solar flares.
The Sun - 2021-02-23. Credit: SDO/HMI
The southern coronal hole is huge, the northern coronal hole is medium-sized - there are some interesting "tiger stripe" patterns in the corona, and a large coronal hole will soon be rotating out of view (right). You can see a lot of coronal activity associated with the 2 sunspots - the northern one appears to be a bit more active than the one to the south.
The Sun seen in 193 angstroms (extreme ultraviolet) February 22, 2021:
LOTS of prominence activity over that last couple days - keep you eye on the prominence to the lower-right!
The Sun seen in 304 angstroms (extreme ultraviolet) February 22, 2021:
You can view the Sun in near real-time, in multiple frequencies here: SDO-The Sun Now.
You can create your own time-lapse movies of the Sun here: AIA/HMI Browse Data.
You can browse all the SDO images of the Sun from 2010 to the present here: Browse SDO archive.
Solar Activity on Facebook - Run by Volunteer NASA/JPL Solar System Ambassador Pamela Shivak
SOLARACTIVITY PICTURE OF THE DAY for Tuesday, February 23rd, 2021 goes out to 吉田賢一 for this great prominence image 吉田賢一 commented: "The Sun of the day Feb_21_2021JST ZWOASI174MM DaystarQuark Chromosphere TOA130."
Solar Corona
Solar wind speed is 574.6 km/sec, with a density of 8.0 protons/cm3 at 1225 UT.
Near real-time animation of the corona and solar wind from the Solar & Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO):
Animated LASCO C2 Coronograph showing the solar corona above the Sun's limb (the white circle). Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech-SOHO
Sun News
The solar chromosphere — the thin, reddish layer of the Sun just above its surface — has always been hard to study. For the first time, a triad of NASA missions have peered into the chromosphere to return multi-height measurements of its magnetic field. https://t.co/K1XzyAPnX6 pic.twitter.com/Yj1if0wtap
— NASA Sun & Space (@NASASun) February 19, 2021
Potentially hazardous asteroids: 2171 (updated 2021-02-23)
Total Minor Planets discovered (NASA): 1,059,992 (+2,388)
Total Minor Planets discovered (MPC): 1,026,572 (+18,162, updated 2021-02-23)
Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters::
| Asteroid |
Date(UT)
|
Miss Distance
|
Velocity (km/s)
|
Diameter (m)
|
| 2021 DX1 |
2021-Feb-23
|
10.7 LD
|
6.6
|
98
|
| 2015 EQ |
2021-Feb-23
|
18 LD
|
10.5
|
21
|
| 2021 CH8 |
2021-Feb-23
|
13 LD
|
9.7
|
38
|
| 2021 DP1 |
2021-Feb-24
|
4.7 LD
|
9.5
|
25
|
| 2021 DE |
2021-Feb-27
|
4.2 LD
|
26
|
50
|
| 2021 DM |
2021-Feb-28
|
12.8 LD
|
10.3
|
21
|
| 2011 DW |
2021-Mar-01
|
13.9 LD
|
13.6
|
89
|
| 2011 EH17 |
2021-Mar-02
|
9.6 LD
|
16.8
|
43
|
| 1999 RM45 |
2021-Mar-02
|
7.7 LD
|
20
|
468
|
| 2016 DV1 |
2021-Mar-03
|
2.1 LD
|
18.3
|
39
|
| 2020 SP |
2021-Mar-03
|
18.4 LD
|
3.9
|
14
|
| 2021 DE1 |
2021-Mar-03
|
4.4 LD
|
3
|
11
|
| 2021 DW1 |
2021-Mar-04
|
1.5 LD
|
5.4
|
32
|
| 2021 CN3 |
2021-Mar-05
|
11.2 LD
|
3.8
|
19
|
| 2021 CF8 |
2021-Mar-05
|
11.5 LD
|
11.8
|
53
|
| 2021 DL |
2021-Mar-08
|
11.8 LD
|
5.8
|
34
|
| 535844 |
2021-Mar-10
|
14.2 LD
|
7.3
|
162
|
| 2021 CF6 |
2021-Mar-10
|
4.2 LD
|
8.4
|
61
|
| 2020 FM |
2021-Mar-10
|
18.2 LD
|
13.3
|
57
|
| 2011 YW10 |
2021-Mar-12
|
19.8 LD
|
13.2
|
45
|
| 2021 CX8 |
2021-Mar-15
|
18.2 LD
|
6.6
|
51
|
| 2021 DT |
2021-Mar-16
|
18.3 LD
|
7.3
|
33
|
| 231937 |
2021-Mar-21
|
5.3 LD
|
34.4
|
1024
|
| 2021 CX5 |
2021-Mar-27
|
7.7 LD
|
5.6
|
49
|
| 2020 GE |
2021-Mar-27
|
12.7 LD
|
1.5
|
8
|
| 2019 GM1 |
2021-Mar-31
|
15.1 LD
|
3.9
|
14
|
| 2015 MB54 |
2021-Apr-06
|
13.6 LD
|
3.7
|
59
|
| 2020 GE1 |
2021-Apr-07
|
12.2 LD
|
4.2
|
14
|
| 2014 FO38 |
2021-Apr-07
|
16.8 LD
|
8.3
|
20
|
| 2020 UY1 |
2021-Apr-15
|
16 LD
|
8.7
|
22
|
| 2017 HG4 |
2021-Apr-16
|
7.6 LD
|
4.1
|
10
|
| 2020 HE5 |
2021-Apr-17
|
8.5 LD
|
4.3
|
10
|
| 2019 HQ |
2021-Apr-20
|
14.8 LD
|
8.8
|
20
|
| 2020 HO5 |
2021-Apr-22
|
16.5 LD
|
3.3
|
7
|
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. Red highlighted entries are asteroids that either pass very close, or very large with high relative velocities to the Earth. Table from SpaceWeather.com
Asteroid News:
New Minor Planet Center Circular: https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2021/MPC_20210127.pdf - a boatload of astronauts got named asteroids!
Earlier this week the number of discovered near-Earth #asteroids (NEAs) of all sizes surpassed 25,000! Finding & tracking NEAs is a crucial part of @NASA’s #planetarydefense efforts to protect against potential future impact threats. Data on known NEAs: https://t.co/xrlE7BNUXM pic.twitter.com/mtppURVY3h
— NASA Asteroid Watch (@AsteroidWatch) February 9, 2021
On February 15, 2021, the NASA All Sky Fireball Network reported 7 fireballs!
(7 sporadics)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). Credit: SpaceWeather.com
Fireball News
Fireball over Alberta - February 22nd, 2021 around 6:23am MST (13:23 UT) (Source)
If you see a bright meteor or a fireball, please REPORT IT to the American Meteor Society and the International Meteor Organization!
I used NASA's Orrery to create the solar system images for this week's post: https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/orrery/. This app runs in the browser, and does not require the installation of an app. If you can see it, you can click on it; you can click and drag to scroll-around with the mouse (or use A, D, Q & E), and zoom with the mouse wheel (or use S and W).
Position of the planets and several spacecraft in the inner solar system:
Position of the planets and a couple spacecraft in the inner solar system, 2021-02-16. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes Orrery.
The Parker Solar Probe flew-by Venus on Feb. 20th:
Simulation of the NASA's Parker Solar Probe as it flies-by Venus on 2021-02-20. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes Orrery.
And Mars' population of robots increases by 5 this week: NASA's Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter, the United Arab Emirates orbiter named Al-Amal, and China's orbiter-rover combo called Tianwen-1... it's been a busy week at Mars, but that's what happens during launch windows...
Aside: When I've been playing Kerbal Space Program, there have been a couple time when I've had multiple missions all arriving at Duna (Mars) at the same time; juggling a polar orbiter, space station core in equatorial orbit, and lander - all at the same time is "exciting!"
Mars 2020 on the surface, 2021-02-23. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes Orrery.
Position of the planets in the middle solar system:
Position of the planets and many transneptunian objects in the middle solar system, 2021-02-23. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes Orrery.
Position of the planets, dwarf planets and some transneptunian objects in the outer solar system:
Position of the planets and many transneptunian objects in the outer solar system, 2021-02-23. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes Orrery.
Position of the planets, dwarf planets and some transneptunian objects and space probes in the extreme outer solar system:
Position of the planets and many transneptunian objects in the extreme outer solar system, 2021-02-23. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes Orrery.
And finally, the position of the Sun in the Milky Way galaxy - if you zoom WAY out:
You are here in the Milky Way Galaxy, 2021-02-23. Credit: Bob Trembley / NASA Eyes Orrery.
Mars Perseverance Rover:
In the "This is WAY too much fun" department - there was a secret message, written in binary, hidden in Perseverance's parachute!
"Dare Mighty Things," and the latitude and longitude of JPL.
— Chris Lewicki (@interplanetary) February 23, 2021
Kerbal Space Program ran a #PerseveranceLanding Challenge, asking players to recreate NASA's rover mission:
Thank you again to everyone that participated in our #PerseveranceLanding Challenge. Here's a few of our favorite submissions:
Dakitess https://t.co/4EVnoPL2Ac
GewoonLukas_ https://t.co/UTO0Z509Xr
CessnaSkyhawk https://t.co/cD7lgYzX65See all submissions https://t.co/klCPKQ2Zca pic.twitter.com/KBbKeO2Iz0
— Kerbal Space Program (@KerbalSpaceP) February 23, 2021
International Space Station:
Crew-2, we are ready for you!
On Mon., March 1, we'll highlight the second crew rotation flight of a U.S. commercial spacecraft with astronauts to the @Space_Station! Get the latest on NASA's @SpaceX Crew-2 mission beginning at 12:30pm ET: https://t.co/8Xc03d2cMu#LaunchAmerica pic.twitter.com/CTBgRX2srF
— NASA (@NASA) February 22, 2021
HiRISE - on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter:
Perseverance on the Ground
Each inset is about 200 meters (650 feet) across: Perseverance, the parachute & back shell, the remains of descent stage (skycrane) and the heat shield.
See update in our descent picture caption: https://t.co/6cZZvcxre4
2/2 pic.twitter.com/rad7uFh0T8
— HiRISE: Beautiful Mars (NASA) (@HiRISE) February 22, 2021
S.S. Katherine Johnson: #Cygnus
Today @Astro_Soichi welcomed the @northropgrumman #Cygnus cargo spacecraft, named the S.S. Katherine Johnson, with an open @csa_asc #Canadarm2 to the @space_station, while @Astro_illini monitored its approach. Parked at the Unity module, the space freighter will remain until May. pic.twitter.com/GkGPPYFF90
— NASA's Johnson Space Center (@NASA_Johnson) February 23, 2021
Hubble Space Telescope:
During the Leonid meteor storms of the late 1990s and early 2000s, scientists rotated the Hubble Space Telescope so that its most sensitive side — the open telescope — was pointed away from Leo, from which the meteors appear to radiate. https://t.co/lR4VkjB1yZ
— Astronomy Magazine (@AstronomyMag) February 23, 2021
Climate:
January 2021 numbers are in: Earth's global average concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide was about 415 parts per million, a 32% rise since direct measurements began in 1958 and a 48% rise since pre-industrial levels (1850). https://t.co/qjYgQZqqbL
— NASA Climate (@NASAClimate) February 19, 2021
See a list of current NASA missions here: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/?type=current
ex·o·plan·et /ˈeksōˌplanət/, noun: a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun.
Data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive
* Confirmed Planets Discovered by TESS refers to the number planets that have been published in the refereed astronomical literature.
* TESS Project Candidates refers to the total number of transit-like events that appear to be astrophysical in origin, including false positives as identified by the TESS Project.
* TESS Project Candidates Yet To Be Confirmed refers to the number of TESS Project Candidates that have not yet been dispositioned as a Confirmed Planet or False Positive.
Exoplanet News
.@NASAHubble also provided the first clues to the chemistry of a unique class of young planets. "Super-Puffs" have the density of cotton candy. Nothing like them exists in our solar system! https://t.co/XeDPiDCgrx pic.twitter.com/CaVed9bxFM
— NASA Exoplanets (@NASAExoplanets) February 22, 2021
2 days ago, we experienced the best aurora night in years over Tromsø with ridiculously colorful coronal auroras 😳😍 Enjoy!
👉 Support my work: https://t.co/VmOBfi9Xvz@TamithaSkov @StormHour @B_Ubiquitous @SpaceToday1 @chunder10 @dartanner @treetanner @INSVideos @visitnorway pic.twitter.com/HTZrEqpyTx
— Night Lights (@NightLights_AM) February 21, 2021
SpaceWeather.com Realtime Aurora Gallery: https://spaceweathergallery.com/aurora_gallery.html
In honor of #BlackHistoryMonth, we are bringing awareness to how #lightpollution disproportionately impacts the Black community and starting conversations about forced illumination and environmental justice.
Learn more here: https://t.co/kyh0jPcITF
— IDA Dark-Sky (@IDADarkSky) February 22, 2021
Visit an International Dark Sky Park: https://www.darksky.org/our-work/conservation/idsp/parks/
For Students:
Have your students joined our February art challenge yet? 🎨
This month’s challenge is all about our Sun! ☀️ Review the prompt and submission guidelines here: https://t.co/tIA07Ol32e
👇 Here are some of our January selections! pic.twitter.com/aNuDhKPIdH
— NASA Space Place (@NASAspaceplace) February 22, 2021
Hubble: Beautiful Universe - Supernova 1987A
Supernova 1987A within the Large Magellanic Cloud. CREDITS: NASA, ESA, R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation), and M. Mutchler and R. Avila (STScI)
Distant stars serve as a backdrop for Supernova 1987A, located in the center of the image. The bright ring around the central region of the exploded star is composed of material ejected by the star about 20,000 years before its demise. Gaseous clouds surround the supernova. The clouds' red color represents the glow of hydrogen gas, which is fueling a firestorm of star birth.
Supernova 1987A was discovered in 1987, and Hubble began observing the exploded star in the early 1990s. This latest view was taken by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 in January 2017. The colors of the foreground and background stars were added from observations taken by Hubble's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2.
Supernova 1987A resides 163,000 light-years away. - NASA.
You can download a 3667 X 4024 (34.2 MB) TIFF version of this image HERE. (That image is now the background image across my 3 monitors!)
What I'm Playing now: Dyson Sphere Program
Available in early-access on Steam, Dyson Sphere Program is a science fiction themed factory simulation game where the ultimate goal is to harvest resources from planets across multiple star systems and build a Dyson Sphere megastructure. The learning curve is pretty steep, but if you like engineering and problem-solving games, this is worth a look - it's been selling like gangbusters since release on Jan. 21st. The fact that there's a game out there with this subject pretty much guaranteed I had to get it.
Screenshot from Dyson Sphere Program video on Steam. A Dyson Swarm is in equatorial orbit, and the sphere lattice is being built. Credit: Youthcat Studio.
What I was listening to while writing this post:
Cover Image: Artist's illustration of Mars Perseverance descent to Mars, the spacecraft containing NASA’s Perseverance rover slows down using the drag generated by its motion in the Martian atmosphere. Hundreds of critical events must execute perfectly and exactly on time for the rover to land on Mars safely on Feb. 18, 2021. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.
Stay safe, be well, and look up!
Software Apps used for this post:
Stellarium: a free open source planetarium app for PC/MAC/Linux. It's a great tool for planning observing sessions. A web-based version of Stellarium is also available.
Section header image credits:
The Sky - Stellarium / Bob Trembley
Observing Target - Turn Left at Orion / M. Skirvin
The Moon - NASA/JPL-Caltech
The Sun - NASA/JPL-Caltech
Asteroids - NASA/JPL-Caltech
Fireballs - Credited to YouTube
Comets - Comet P/Halley, March 8, 1986, W. Liller
The Solar System - NASA Eyes on the Solar System / Bob Trembley
Spacecraft News - NASA Eyes on the Solar System / Bob Trembley
Exoplanets - Space Engine / Bob Trembley
Light Pollution - NASA's Black Marble
Aurora - Bob Trembley
The Universe - Universe Today