• Log In
↓
 

Sacred Space Astronomy

Blog of the Vatican Observatory Foundation

Sacred Space Astronomy
  • VOF / VO Sites
    • VOF Home Page
    • VOF Sacred Space Astronomy Site
    • VOF Faith and Science Archive
    • Vatican Observatory Home Page
    • Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope
    • Specola Vaticana
  • Author Posts
    • Posts by Brother Guy Consolmagno
    • Posts by Fr. James Kurzynski
    • Posts by Christopher M. Graney
    • Posts by Bob Trembley
    • Posts by Deirdre Kelleghan
    • Posts by Richard Hill
    • Posts by Brother Bob Macke
    • Posts by Larry Lebofsky
    • Posts by Nancy Lebofsky
    • Posts by Father Paul Gabor
    • Posts by Dr. Michelle Francl
    • Posts by Dr. Brenda Frye
    • Posts by Chris Olsen
    • Posts by Bill Higgins
  • Calendar
  • Image Gallery
  • Support Us
  • Log In

Category Archives: Priests and Religious of Science

Post navigation

← Older posts

How a Jesuit Astronomer and His Student beat Isaac Newton to a Key Idea by more than 50 Years (re-run)

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on February 6, 2021 by Christopher M. GraneyFebruary 6, 2021

This is a “re-run” of a post that originally ran on May 25, 2019. I am rerunning it because the Journal for the History of Astronomy, which in February 2019 published the research that this post is based on, has made the published research available, free of charge.  So CLICK HERE and then download a PDF of the original paper.  You will see that it is pretty similar to this post. In 1614, well before Isaac Newton was even born, a German Jesuit astronomer named Christoph Scheiner and his student, Johann Georg Locher, developed an explanation for how the Earth could orbit the sun.  Earth, they said, was like a massive ball, perpetually falling toward the sun.  They discussed this in their 1614 book Disquisitiones Mathematicae de Controversiis et Novitatibus Astronomicis, or Mathematical Disquisitions Concerning Astronomical Controversies and Novelties (recently translated by yours truly, and published by the University of Notre Dame Press—click here).  This was Locher’s thesis for his degree … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, History, Priests and Religious of Science | Leave a reply

Specola Guestbook | December 10, 1924: José Algué S.J.

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on January 31, 2021 by Robert MackeJanuary 22, 2021
This entry is part 79 of 84 in the series Specola Guestbook

Since its founding in 1891, many people have passed through the doors of the Vatican Observatory.  A quick perusal of our guestbook reveals several Names, including Popes, Nobel laureates, astronauts, actors, and saints. Today’s guestbook entry is from December 10, 1924, when José Algué made a visit. Next to his name, Fr. José Maria Algué S.J. (1856-1930) wrote, “Manila, Philippine Islands.” Algué was a meteorologist at the Observatory of Manila. He invented several instruments for the meteorological and seismographical observations. Most notable of these is a barocyclonometer, a type of fluidless barometer adapted for the prediction of storms.  He invented this instrument in 1897, and it was adopted by US Navy for use on its North Atlantic fleet in 1914. Algué also invented a nephoscope (for measuring movement and altitude of clouds) and a microseismograph.  

Continue reading →
Posted in History, Priests and Religious of Science | Tagged Algue, Barocyclonometer, Manila Observatory, Meteorology, Specola Guestbook, Vatican Observatory | Leave a reply

ⓜ New Research: Galileo, Jesuit Astronomers, and Star Sizes

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on November 7, 2020 by Christopher M. GraneyOctober 26, 2020

(ⓜ = members only!) Research is done at the Vatican Observatory.  Some of that research is done by yours truly.  In this post, I share some of the nuts and bolts of that research with Sacred Space Astronomy readers, and especially with subscribers, as those readers who are also subscribers actually help fund the operation of the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope, or VATT, on Mt. Graham in Arizona, and its associated programs. My main area of research these days is the history of astronomy; that’s been my main area for roughly 15 years now.  Currently I am working on a paper about three astronomers from the 17th century.  These are Galileo Galilei, who of course you know, and the Jesuit astronomers Andreas Tacquet and Christoph Scheiner.  Scheiner you might know from his battle with Galileo over sunspots.  Tacquet you probably have never heard of. I heard of Tacquet thanks to the English scientist Robert Hooke, who worked in the late … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, History, Priests and Religious of Science | Leave a reply

Go Observe Clavius

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on October 30, 2020 by Deirdre KelleghanOctober 30, 2020

Christophorus Clavius Christophorus Clavius lived between the years 1537 and 1612. He would never have imagined that a crater named for him on the moon would be global news in October 2020. When I drew this very large walled plain back in 2008 all I knew about it was that it was named after a man who was a mathematician/astronomer. This week however with Clavius being in the news I had to have a closer look out of curiosity. It was time to revisit my drawing and pay attention to this area on the moon and plan to go observe Clavius once again. A flying discovery NASA’s Sofia telescope has discovered the signature of water H2O on the moon in the area of Clavius. Of course, this news supports the ARTEMIS mission planned for more exploration of our moon in the future. It also supports the SOFIA flying observatory and its multifaceted set of tasks. ESA also have future plans for … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Education, History, Mathematics, Moon, Priests and Religious of Science | Tagged Clavius, ESA, H2O, Moon, NASA, SOFIA, Water | Leave a reply

The Ideas Behind Black Holes

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on October 24, 2020 by Christopher M. GraneyOctober 19, 2020

Black holes are all in the news, with the Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel, and Andrea Ghez, for their work on black holes.  The Faith & Science post from this past Wednesday was about Juan Martín Maldacena of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University; his area of study is black holes.  The video below features Maldacena talking about his work. Roger Penrose was at the Vatican Observatory in 2017 as part of its “Black Holes, Gravitational Waves and Space-Time Singularities” conference.  Fr. Gabriele Gionti, S.J., who is a scientist at the V.O., sent me the pictures below of Penrose at that conference. Since you are reading Sacred Space Astronomy, you have probably heard black holes mentioned many times.  But, have you heard a good explanation of what they are?  “Cool” things like black holes tend to be talked about a lot, and perhaps explained not so much—indeed, sometimes they seem to be … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Priests and Religious of Science | 4 Replies

I got to see Fr. Angelo Secchi’s telescope at the Cincinnati Observatory

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on October 17, 2020 by Christopher M. GraneyOctober 16, 2020

If you peruse the Vatican Observatory’s 2019 Annual Report you will come across the book Decoding the Stars: A Biography of Angelo Secchi, Jesuit and Scientist, by VO Adjunct Scholar Ileana Chinnici, which was published in 2019 by Brill. It is a really nice book that I can recommend to all readers of “Sacred Space Astronomy.” I am not the only one who likes this book. It was recently awarded the Donald E. Osterbrock Book Prize for Historical Astronomy by the Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society (click here for more information on the award). Secchi was a pioneering astrophysicist—one of the first to study and classify stars by means of their spectra. Secchi built an observatory in Rome on the roof of St. Ignatius church. The church was built to support a large dome, but the dome was never constructed, meaning the building could solidly support an observatory. Chinnici writes: Thanks to a family legacy left by … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, History, Priests and Religious of Science | 1 Reply

Talking to Your Dog… or to E.T.

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on August 22, 2020 by Christopher M. GraneyAugust 11, 2020

This post comes from a “Science in the Bluegrass” column I wrote for The Record, the newspaper of the Archdiocese of Louisville, Kentucky.  That column in turn came from a series of posts I wrote for Sacred Space Astronomy in early 2018, so if you have been reading this blog for a while, you will recognize the general idea here.   Extraterrestrials! They are an idea from science whose impact on popular culture has been huge. Think of those big movie franchises that involve beings from other worlds: Marvel, Star Wars, Star Trek, and more. Extraterrestrials have not always been popular. Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher from before Christ, reasoned that Earth is the only world that exists. No other worlds. No extraterrestrials. Aristotle influenced many Greco-Roman, Jewish, Christian, and Islamic thinkers. However, in 1277, the bishop of Paris officially condemned Aristotle’s idea that Earth could be the only world. An omnipotent God, the bishop said, could make any number … Continue reading →

Posted in Extraterrestrial, Priests and Religious of Science | 5 Replies

Vatican Observatory Photometry and “The Vilnius Connection”

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on June 20, 2020 by Christopher M. GraneyJune 15, 2020

“Forty Years of Photometry.” That is what is on the cover of the Specola Vaticana/Vatican Observatory’s 2019 Annual Report. If you have not had a look at the report, click here and read through it (and to see Annual Reports going back years, click here). The two gentlemen on the cover are Fr. Richard P. Boyle, S.J. (at right) and Fr. Robert Janusz, S.J. And that cover, and those gentlemen, have a connection to my “origins story” with this Sacred Space Astronomy blog and the V.O. The Annual Report’s main article starts off by noting that, Just as this year the world celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Apollo moon landing, so here at the Specola we mark a significant anniversary: 40 years since the pioneering publication of Father Martin McCarthy and his collaborators on stellar photometry, which laid the groundwork for what has become a major thrust of research at the Vatican Observatory. In that paper, Fr. McCarthy described … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, Priests and Religious of Science | Leave a reply

Science and Water, Then and Now

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on May 16, 2020 by Christopher M. GraneyApril 17, 2020

You find science everywhere.  During the early eighteenth century Spanish Franciscans established a series of missions along the San Antonio River in what is now the U.S. state of Texas.  They ministered to the native Coahuiltecan people who lived there.  The San Antonio Missions are today active Catholic churches in the Archdiocese of San Antonio, while also being part of the San Antonio Missions National Park, and a UN World Heritage Site.  Thus, the missions are still there.  And, as a film that introduces visitors to the San Antonio Missions emphasizes, so are the Coahuiltecans who built the missions with the Franciscans; their descendants live all over the area. One of the missions, Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purisima Concepción de Acuña, appeared in this blog last year (click here for that post) because the sun illuminates that church in an interesting way every Feast of the Assumption.  However, as I noted in that post, while arranging that sort of … Continue reading →

Posted in Priests and Religious of Science, Science | 2 Replies

Astronomy in Art & Architecture: R. A. Rosenfeld’s Astronomical History Christmas Cards

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on May 9, 2020 by Christopher M. GraneyMay 5, 2020

Greetings, Readers of Sacred Space Astronomy!  Check out the astronomical art below.  These are cards made by Randall A. Rosenfeld, who is the archivist for the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada.  I’ve been fortunate enough to be on Randall’s Christmas mailing list for some years now, and have built up this small collection of original astronomical artwork as a result.  He graciously gave the OK for me to share them with Sacred Space Astronomy readers.  These scans do not look nearly as good as the originals, because the originals feature cool stuff like stars colored with metallic ink.  A scan just will not capture that sort of thing. Many of these illustrations are based on material found in historical books on astronomy.  I have included links to the originals in many cases.  Click on those links if you have time.  I think that you will be glad that you did. The card above is the most recent one Randall has … Continue reading →

Posted in Astronomy, History, Priests and Religious of Science | Tagged Art-and-Architecture | Leave a reply

Religious Scientists | Fr. Athanasius Kircher S.J. (1602-1680): Jesuit Polymath

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on April 26, 2020 by Robert MackeApril 25, 2020
This entry is part 15 of 15 in the series Religious Scientists of the Catholic Church

Athanasius Kircher lived at a time when a wealth of information was coming to Rome from the missions — many of them Jesuit-run — around the world.  Missionaries were documenting new plants, animals, cultures, and natural phenomena.  Stationed in Rome himself, Kircher collected these reports and artifacts from abroad and corresponded with scientists and academics throughout Europe.  His writings — more than 40 texts — compile, report, and expand upon many different fields from linguistics to Egyptology to paleontology to magnetism and more.  Living at the end of the age of Renaissance polymaths, he has been called “the last man who knew everything.” His scientific contributions were largely hit-or-miss, many of them having been corrected or negated by later findings.  Often, historians have emphasized these failures to paint a picture him as anything from a well-meaning but failed scientist to an outright charlatan.  This bias, however, fails to recognize the value of his overall body of work.  More recently, some … Continue reading →

Posted in History, Priests and Religious of Science, Religion, Science, Uncategorized | Tagged Kircher, Religious Scientists, Roman College | Leave a reply

A Tale of Two Cities (and two churches, and two hotels, and an observatory)

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on April 25, 2020 by Christopher M. GraneyMay 1, 2020

In 1934 Our Lady of Lourdes Church in West Baden Springs, Indiana was deemed structurally unsound, was pulled down, and was not rebuilt. A forest grows now where the church once stood. Revolving around Lourdes and its sister church, Our Lady of the Springs (still standing a mile or so down the road in the town of French Lick), is an interesting story about building a world we can live with. This story does involve some elements of what we usually think of as science—a Jesuit-run astronomical observatory is part of the story!—but it is mostly about science as considered more broadly: science as the process of looking carefully at the world around us and trying to measure it and to understand it and the rules by which it works, and to come up with ideas about it, on its terms, not on ours. It is a fascinating story, and one that may give us some good ideas for the … Continue reading →

Posted in History, Integral Ecology, Priests and Religious of Science | Leave a reply

Post navigation

← Older posts
Vatican Observatory 2020 Wall Calendar Online Version
Fr. George Coyne Memorial Fund

On Being
Podcast with Fr. Coyne and Br. Guy
Asteroids, Stars, and the Love of God
In a conversation filled with laughter, we experience the spacious way Fr. Coyne and Br. Guy approached life, faith, and the universe.
Listen to the Podcast

Subscribe! Faith and Science VOF Newsletter

Recent Posts

Specola Guestbook | December 26, 1934: Giuseppe Bugatto

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on March 7, 2021 by Robert MackeFebruary 1, 2021
This entry is part 84 of 84 in the series Specola Guestbook

Since its founding in 1891, many people have passed through the doors of the Vatican Observatory.  A quick perusal of our guestbook reveals several Names, including Popes, Nobel laureates, astronauts, actors, and saints. Today’s guestbook entry is from December 26, 1934, when Giuseppe Bugatto made a visit. Next to his … Continue reading…

Posted in History | Tagged Bugatto, L'Osservatore Romano, Specola Guestbook, Vatican Observatory | Leave a reply

Misinformative Books from Surprising Places

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on March 6, 2021 by Christopher M. GraneyFebruary 22, 2021

Misinformation.  It is a big topic these days, and a big problem.  And when the topic is astronomy and the Copernican Revolution, misinformation abounds, even in the relatively durable, more controlled medium of books.  “Caveat lector!” applies to this topic—“Let the reader beware!” Two recently-published books are especially disappointing in … Continue reading…

Posted in Astronomy, History | 3 Replies

Solar Sketching in h-alpha – Prominences dancing on the limb

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on March 5, 2021 by Deirdre KelleghanMarch 5, 2021

                                Astronomical Sketching Astronomical sketching is not just about drawing pictures. It is about learning. This kind of sketching is about observing the subject very closely at the far end of your telescope. Sketching at … Continue reading…

Posted in Astronomy, Education | Tagged animation, Filaments, gifs, h-alpha, Movement, Proms, PST, Solar Sketching | Leave a reply

Finding the Unexpected

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on March 4, 2021 by Br. Guy ConsolmagnoMarch 4, 2021
This entry is part 61 of 61 in the series And Then I Wrote

And then I wrote… in 2014, the magazine US Catholic solicited a couple of articles about science fiction from me. One of them ran in 2014 under the title “Get Lost In Space” and the other they included only on their web site. I reprint both of them here… along … Continue reading…

Posted in And Then I Wrote, Popular Culture | Tagged Science fiction | Leave a reply

From the V.O. Faith and Science Pages: The Road of Science and the Ways to God

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on March 3, 2021 by Faith and ScienceJanuary 29, 2021

Today’s featured entry from the Vatican Observatory Faith and Science pages: “The Road of Science and the Ways to God” (click here for it) A book by Stanley L. Jaki: “Originally presented as the Gifford Lectures for 1975 and 1976 at the University of Edinburgh, this challenging work illuminates the … Continue reading…

Posted in From the V.O. Faith and Science Pages | Leave a reply

In the Sky this Week – March 2, 2021

Sacred Space Astronomy avatarPosted on March 2, 2021 by Bob TrembleyMarch 2, 2021
This entry is part 185 of 185 in the series In the Sky This Week

This week, the Moon appears in the predawn sky, Mars is in a close conjunction with the Pleiades star cluster, and the planets Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn appear low above the horizon before dawn; Mercury and Jupiter appear in a very close conjunction – less than 1 degree apart, as they swap positions over the course of several days.

Continue reading...
Posted in Astronomy, Outreach | Tagged Conjunction, Eagle Nebula, Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Moon, Pleiades, Saturn, Sun, The Pillars of Creation | Leave a reply
1 2 3 … 330 Next »

Recent Comments

  • Christopher M. Graney March 6, 2021 at 3:42 pm on Misinformative Books from Surprising PlacesThanks, Joel. And Ed, what is the source that said Galileo confirmed Copernicus? Can you give a link?
  • Joel Hopko March 6, 2021 at 11:54 am on Misinformative Books from Surprising PlacesProfessor Graney -- Ironic but perhaps understandable that the painstaking technical work of centuries should be reduced to a melodramatic contest of intrenched religious bigots bent on obscuring the truth versus "enlightened" clear seeing individuals heroically battling the establishment. After all, melodrama consistent outsells even the best technical literature. Still...
  • Ed Yepez March 6, 2021 at 7:45 am on Misinformative Books from Surprising PlacesA quick "google" come up with Galileo confirming Copernicus. If I understand correctly, they made observations that ageeed with heliocentrism, but "Confirmation" came later (Newton?)
  • Fr. James Kurzynski March 2, 2021 at 8:20 pm on Georges Lemaitre – Father of the “Big Bang”You're very welcome Fr. Madley! Thank you!
  • Fr. Jeffrey Madley March 2, 2021 at 11:57 am on Georges Lemaitre – Father of the “Big Bang”Excellent article about Msgr. Lemaitre, Fr. Jim. Nice to know people in the Church have contributed to science.
  • Fr. Bruce Wilkinson February 23, 2021 at 4:05 pm on In the Sky This Week – February 23, 2021I completely agree with you that putting cameras on EVERY space mission - without question and without fail. The ability to see the accomplishments of the various robotic missions have inspired future generations to want to become part of the space exploration crowd
  • Ed Yepez February 20, 2021 at 7:51 am on The Sun Rules!Excellent! Thank you very much for presenting this in such an understandable form. Also let me appreciate the math.(a lot of which I had forgotten) With Kepler, how you can make the correct observations, yet still come to an erroneous conclusion? But the observations remain correct, even useful for further...
  • Bob Trembley February 19, 2021 at 5:16 am on In the Sky This Week – February 16, 2021I joined a NASA Night Sky Network Zoom Watch Party - it was pretty cool! When I joined, an engineer was talking about his work on the helicopter - those wings are HUGE! I watched the the landing with my in-laws; it was cool to see the same image up...
  • Richard Hill February 19, 2021 at 12:54 am on Skyward by David Levy: February 2021Very nice meteor photo! Reminds me of one Geminid I saw as I was walking to night lunch on Kitt Peak. It passed right through Orion. Burned a memory in my brain.
  • Benjamin Goodison February 18, 2021 at 5:26 pm on In the Sky This Week – February 16, 2021... and three days later, Perseverance finally touched down successfully and is snapping its first images!I'm sure there were more than a few spontaneous prayers in the NASA control room in those last few minutes... there certainly were at my end :) Really looking forward to the wealth of new...
  • Bob Trembley February 16, 2021 at 8:31 am on In the Sky This Week – February 16, 2021Oh my goodness! Thank you SO MUCH for the kind replies!
  • Joseph O'Donnell February 16, 2021 at 8:00 am on In the Sky This Week – February 16, 2021Thank you for this. Always so helpful and enlightening.
  • Stan Sienkiewicz February 16, 2021 at 7:47 am on In the Sky This Week – February 16, 2021Bob, another great post. Wonderful way to start the day. Thanks for putting in the time to create these posts. Educational, beautiful, and awe inspiring. I really appreciate seeing these each week. Thank you, Stan
  • Fr. James Kurzynski February 12, 2021 at 10:40 pm on Space Exploration As An Act Of Interfaith Dialogue.Thanks Joel! I greatly appreciate your insight and encouragement!
  • Fr. James Kurzynski February 10, 2021 at 10:46 am on Polar Vortex, Snowy Owls, Puffins, and Answering the Question: Fr. James, If Global Warming Is Real, Why Am I So Cold?Thanks for you response! My apologies if it came across that Wisconsin was the southernmost Snowy Owls travel. That was not my intent. In my prep, I saw articles of sightings as south as Texas. The point being that some birds go south, others don't, and its a bit of...
  • Jim Cook February 10, 2021 at 8:05 am on Polar Vortex, Snowy Owls, Puffins, and Answering the Question: Fr. James, If Global Warming Is Real, Why Am I So Cold?Wisconsin is actually NOT very far south to find Snowy Owls in winter, as you can see from its eBird range map: https://ebird.org/science/status-and-trends/snoowl1/range-map I've subscribed to eBird's Snowy Owl reports list for almost 10 years now and while some years have seen more reports of sightings than others, they typically...
  • Fr. Timothy Sauppé February 8, 2021 at 8:38 am on A telescope made by an Angel…Br. Guy: This would make a great beginning to your opening address to the Solar Eclipse Retreat in 2024 for Bishops/Priests. I am going to save this. Fr. Timothy Sauppé
  • Richard Saam February 7, 2021 at 10:20 am on JWST update – Hexagons in SpaceI want to make an additional point on hexagons: In the realm of crystallography as described in solid state physics, there is an equivalence between real(energy) and reciprocal(momentum) hexagonal space. This was mathematically presented in Charles Kittel's (recently deceased) text "Introduction to Solid State Physics". And then something to ponder:...
  • Joel Hopko February 1, 2021 at 11:23 am on Space Exploration As An Act Of Interfaith Dialogue.Fr. Kurzynski -- I too was very moved by the Emirates and the other national efforts (Japanese, Indian etc.) Like you I found in them an expression of the human spirit and even the religious wellsprings that can inspire us toward a shared destiny beyond our fear and confusion. Thanks...
  • Richard Saam February 1, 2021 at 10:33 am on JWST update – Hexagons in SpaceAdding to Fernando's comments 'hexagons are pretty much everywhere in the universe': It can be argued that universal space time can be expressed as oscillating virtual hexagonal (~50 cm, ~8 hr) lattice units conforming to the conservation of energy and momentum and the universe vacuum energy density. There is some...

Top Posts

  • Misinformative Books from Surprising Places
    Misinformative Books from Surprising Places
  • Looking for Wormwood
    Looking for Wormwood
  • Biblical Signs in the Sky? September 23, 2017
    Biblical Signs in the Sky? September 23, 2017
  • Solar Sketching in h-alpha - Prominences dancing on the limb
    Solar Sketching in h-alpha - Prominences dancing on the limb
  • Finding the Unexpected
    Finding the Unexpected
  • Hunting for Saffordites East of Mt. Graham and the Vatican Telescope. pt. 2
    Hunting for Saffordites East of Mt. Graham and the Vatican Telescope. pt. 2
  • In the Sky This Week – February 16, 2021
    In the Sky This Week – February 16, 2021
  • Across the Universe:  Lights all askew in the heavens...
    Across the Universe: Lights all askew in the heavens...
  • Specola Guestbook | December 26, 1934: Giuseppe Bugatto
    Specola Guestbook | December 26, 1934: Giuseppe Bugatto
  • In the Sky This Week – September 22, 2020
    In the Sky This Week – September 22, 2020

Upcoming Events


Who’s Visited Our Site

VOF Blog on Twitter

My Tweets
Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use.
To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Privacy Policy

Sign up

Join 17,844 other subscribers

VOF Home Page
Faith and Science
Donate to the VOF
Newsletter
© 2018 Vatican Observatory Foundation. The Vatican Observatory Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) corporation -- State Registration Disclosure Statement -- Privacy Policy -- Terms of Use Privacy Policy
↑